四川博物館研學活動

Sichuan Museum Study Tour

5月26日上午，成都協(xié)同學校八年級的同學們搭乘地鐵來到四川博物院，參加漢代建筑之美博物館課程。

On 26th May，G8 students in CCIS went to Sichuan Museum to study the beauty of the structures in Han Dynasty.

開啟快樂模式

經過了一個多小時的“長途跋涉”，我們抵達了博物院。一進門，我們就被自動販賣機給吸引了。但是因為口袋空空，我們也只能“乘興而來，敗興而歸”。

After one hour of travel, we arrived at Sichuan Museum. We were attracted by the vending machine at the gate, but after we checked our pockets, we gave up.

開始上課，老師給我們發(fā)放了研學手冊，上面有許多問題，需要我們通過今天的學習來探究。首先我們通過視頻了解了漢代建筑的杰出代表——未央宮。她的占地面積是故宮的六倍之多。但是遺憾的是我們今天已經看不見這座雄偉的宮殿了，只留下了一個前殿的臺基遺址。雖然我們今天已經不能看到漢代地上建筑的實物，但是我們可以通過一些文物去認識漢代的建筑。接下來，我們就來到展廳，參觀漢代墓葬中出土的畫像磚和陪葬品，畫像磚上有建筑的圖樣，陪葬品中有各種建筑的模型，連裝飾都表現(xiàn)得十分精細。

Class began. The teacher handed out worksheets for us to finish for the day. First, we learned about Weiyang Palace through video, an outstanding representative of Han Dynasty architecture. It was 6 times bigger than Forbidden Palace. It is a pity that we can not see this magnificent palace today, only a platform of front hall the remains. Although we can no longer see the real buildings of the Han Dynasty, we can learn them through some cultural relics. Then we came to the exhibition hall to visit the Han Dynasty tomb excavated brick and burial goods. There are architectural patterns on these bricks and the burial goods have a variety of building model with fine details.

了解了漢代的建筑，回到教室，我們開始學習中國古建筑的重要結構以及其中的力學原理。中國古建筑中最重要的木架構由柱、梁、枋、椽、檁組成，這些結構由同樣是木質的斗拱連接，支撐起屋頂。我們還做了一個木架構承重的小實驗。用四個碗代表四根柱子，用四根筷子表示梁和枋，將四根筷子的一頭搭在碗上，另一頭交互搭在一起，這樣一個由四根筷子撐起的結構，居然還可以承受一個碗的重量。而碗的下面，除了四個筷子組成的結構，就是懸空的。

After the exhibition visitwe went back to a classroom to learn the important structure of Chinese ancient architecture and its mechanics principle. The most important wooden structure in Chinese ancient building that supports the roof is composed of column, beam, tiefang, rafter and purlin, which were connected by wooden Dou Gong. We also did a small experiment of wooden structures. Four bowls represented four pillars, and four chopsticks represented beams and tiebeams. Put one end of each chopstick on the bowl, and put the other end interactively together. Such a structure supported by four chopsticks can actually bear the weight of another bowl.

我們還學習了中國木作的精髓——榫卯結構。這種結構不使用釘子和膠水，仍能讓木質零件嚴絲合縫組成一件件家具，一件件房屋的木架構。不僅如此，這種結構還具有極大的抗震性。我們看了一個視頻，視頻中人們給一個仿古木結構屋子做抗震實驗，當震級達到10級時，房屋的木結構雖然晃動很厲害，但仍然屹立。而墻壁在震級達到7級時就垮塌了。這就是中國建筑“墻倒屋不塌”的神話。

We also learned the essence of Chinese wood work –Sun Mao construction. This structure needn’t use nails or glue, but still stitched wooden parts together to form the wooden furniture and house. Further more, the structure is also shock-resistant. We watched a video of people doing an earthquake test on an ancient wooden house. When the earthquake reached magnitude 10, the wooden structure of the house shook a lot, but it still stood up. Walls collapsed when the quake reached magnitude 7. This is the Chinese architectural myth that "Even if the wall falls, the house will still stand".

之后我們又學習中國古建筑觀賞性的部分——屋頂，了解了屋頂?shù)臉邮胶偷燃?。最后，我們每一個人都動手搭建了一個房屋模型。看似簡單，但也花費了我們一個多小時的時間。

After that, we studied the roof, the most ornamental part of ancient Chinese architecture, and learned about the style and grade of the roof. In the end, each of us built a model house. The seemingly simple structure took us more than an hour to finish.

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